Sunday, November 2, 2014

FUTURE:60 most rocking jobs

We know where the jobs are now... but where will they be ten years from now? Twenty? Some job descriptions will always be in need (most secure jobs for the future), but many others are evolving to fit the ever-changing course of technology and science. When the future of employment comes, will you be ready? Read on for some ideas of what to expect:

HEALTH CARE

1.Medical Roboticist

New technology is doing amazing things for medical patients these days, especially in the world of robotics. We aren't quite at a Six-Million Dollar Man level yet - but we're getting awfully close. From physical therapy exoskeletons to new and improved forms of prosthetic attachments, science-minded individuals will be needed to help develop medical technology that is better, stronger, and faster than it ever was before.

2.Genetic Counselor

As genetics continues to be fine-tuned, doctors will be able to run tests to predict all manner of markers and conditions. Genetic counselors have the job of helping families make decisions about their future children in regards to available genetic technologies. At the present, according to MSNBC, "about 2,000 counselors are recognized by the American Board of Genetic Counseling." As technology improves and becomes more widespread, expect the need for counselors to grow right along with it.

3.Respiratory Therapist

The atmosphere isn't what it used to be. Between congested highways, the pollutants of industry, and just plain old stress doing a number on our bodies, respiratory problems like asthma are rapidly on the rise. Under these conditions, it comes as no surprise that the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics is reporting an extremely good job outlook for respiratory therapists. Practitioners and technicians from varying levels of training will be needed increasingly to help future generations breathe well against all odds.

4.Bioinformatician

Whenever new terrain is charted, maps must be drafted to document and understand the new discoveries. Not only is this true in geography, but in biology as well. As genomic and molecular research continues to intensify over the years, the science community will need plenty of young bioinformatics majors to map, analyze, create 3-D models of and compare DNA and protein structures - hopefully resulting in better understanding and treatment of genetics in the future.

5.Stem Cell Researcher

Stem cell research has been a controversial topic since the day it started gaining plausible ground, entrenched in a war of progress and ethics. Still, science finds a way. Already, researchers may have found an alternative to embryonic stem cells that may put the ethical battle to rest. If this is the case, more researchers than ever will be needed to develop cures for diseases, genetic enhancements, and whatever other secrets these cells may hold.

6.Custom Implant Organ Designer

It wasn't so long ago when organ transplants were the stuff of science-fiction novels. Now human ears are growing on mice for science, mouse brain cells are growing within robots for art, and the next wave of scientists are using gel-suspended cell cultures to draw custom-made organs for implants from scratch. When it comes to biomedical engineering, the sky is the limit, and young ingenious scientists are needed all the time to keep on searching for the next big breakthrough.

7.Massage Therapist

City populations only get more and more crowded as time goes on, and stresses will only increase as towering office jobs become more prevalent and intense. But you have the power not only to do something about it, but to get paid doing it. As the economy levels out and city life stresses become more compact, look for the already booming massage therapy industry to go through the roof.

8.Nurse

As necessary as nurses are, it may stand to reason that we will never run out of nurses; in actuality, that is exactly what is happening. According to the American Association of College of Nursing (AACN), our country is "in the midst of a nursing shortage that is expected to intensify as baby boomers age and the need for health care grows." Nurses will only be more in demand as time goes on, and it's a profession that will never go out of style.

9.Home Health Care Aide

An entire generation is getting older, and it's a big one. As the Baby Boomers start to collectively reach senior citizenship, home health care aids will be in hot demand to help elderly folks continue to live at home with dignity, assisting with chores and care and providing valuable company.

10.Pharmacist

Another classic. Just as the rising collective age of Americans is leading to a need for more health care workers, the same thing is also leading to a need for more prescription drugs and those who know how to prescribe them. In addition, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a growing number of pharmacies are starting to offer on-site diagnoses and patient care, stretching the amount of skilled and well-trained pharmacists needed. The demand for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians is expected to rise by over 30% in the next decade.

11.Medical Records Administrator

What's so high tech and futuristic about a medical records administration career? As a matter of fact: everything. The world of information is rapidly changing, and medical records are at the forefront with a huge push toward going digital. Once doomed to navigate halls of bulging paper files, the medical records administrators of the future will need to be tech-savvy and quick on the draw with digital databases, in a field where fast information recall can mean the difference between life and death.

12.Nutritionist

The United States is dealing with an obesity epidemic of epic proportions - it affects 32% of adults over 20, and leads to complications that add up to $147 billion a year in health care expenditure. Something has to be done, and a healthy diet is a great start. In addition to a growing need for nutritionists and dieticians to help combat obesity, there will be an increased need for nutritionists who can work with elderly patients on adjusting their diets to improve health in the face of age-linked conditions such as heart disease and diabetes.

13.Dentist

Not so futuristic in theory, but certainly a perennial. No matter how far into the foreseeable future, we will always need our teeth - and we only get one natural set, so it pays to treat them well. Unfortunately, the dental profession is seeing a shortage as populations grow while the average age of dentists rises, with many dentists retiring faster than they can be replaced. That's good news for new crops of prospective dentists, who will find themselves highly in demand.

SCIENCE and ENGINEERING

14.Space Tour Guide

When the time comes for space travel, tourism will be there at the forefront, giving the wealthy and the curious a taste of the exotic. But who will narrate the tours and bring the majestic vistas of outer space to life? You, if you become a space tour guide. It's not as far off as some might think - multimedia mogul Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic space tourism venture is already garnering some serious financial backing - so anyone interested would do well to start brushing up on their public speaking skills.

15.Robotics Technician

From precision factory work to precision surgery, a robot's place in society is growing every day. Of course, skilled workers are needed to tend to robots: to build them, maintain them, and keep them running smoothly. Well-versed in both sturdy classic machinery and cutting-edge technology, technicians of the future will play an important part in greasing the gears that keep the world turning.

16.Nanotechnologist

True, science is expanding - moving ever outward with space probes and grand robotic and architectural creations - but it is contracting just as surely. Nanotechnology is the study of matter on a molecular scale: manipulating individual atoms, building structures by the nanometer. It's a fairly new practice where sciences are concerned, due mostly to it previously being physically impossible, but scientists predict it to have possible applications ranging widely from medicine to electronics and even new forms of energy production.

17.Simulation Engineer

Advanced 3D technology is improving everyday (already movies are a far cry from the headache-inducing red/blue lenses of yesteryear), and it shouldn't take long for holographic and other simulation-based technologies to follow suit. According to UCSD's Jacobs School of Engineering dean Frieder Seible, in an interview with MSNBC, "simulation will be in every industry and every engineering field." The age of full-size interactive holodecks is coming, and Physics and Comp-Sci whizzes will be at the helm of it all.

18.Energy Resources Engineer

Where does our energy come from? Mostly from electricity and oil, but perhaps not for long. As global concern over environmental issues grows, a race is on to create new major sources of energy. New engineers with fresh outlooks are greatly needed to help develop more effective wind turbines, more compact solar panels, safer atomic fission, and the next big thing in energy production.

19.Aerospace Engineer

While MIR and our probes are impressive, our country's space program has by and large stalled for quite some time. Where will you be when it starts up again? It's only a matter of time before thoughts turn once again toward exploring the great frontier of space, trekking to new planets and seeking out new life and civilizations - and with the right engineering degree, you could be the one to design the craft that makes it all possible.

20.Biorefinery Plant Manager

A huge talking point of the last presidential election was the potential of biofuels as a valid replacement for our finite sources of petroleum. From corn-based to grain-based ethanol, biomass technology has become a formidable opponent to our current fuel situation. If efforts continue at their current pace, it won't be too much longer before biorefinery plants are cropping up with the frequency of oil rigs, all of them needing plant workers to make sure the crops flow smoothly on their journey to powering the nation.

21.Laboratory Technician

No man is an island, and that includes scientists: behind every good scientist is a crackerjack team that gets the job done. A laboratory technician takes care of everyday tasks like testing, sampling, measuring, recording data, and generally ensuring that experiments in progress are running smoothly. With so much focus on science and technology in industry, the job outlook for taskmaster lab technicians is quite promising.

22.Transportation Engineer

In just a few short years, rising oil costs and economic downturns have led most of the world to shun former single-serving social status titans like the Hummer and the Segway, while falling head over heels in love with the Prius and the light rail. The face of transportation is changing, and engineers are needed to help design newer, cleaner, and more efficient ways of moving people.

23.Seed Production Technician

Changing technology changes all factions of our lives, and even agriculture is getting a different look these days. With the rise of factory farms, jobs are becoming increasingly parsed out by specialty. Large corporations like Monsanto are consistently looking for skilled workers in fields like seed production, to distribute and produce the crops that keep the country running.

24.Technical Writer

Robots, rocket ships, computers, prostheses and enhancements: all of these are new or evolving technologies, and none of them are exactly simple and self-explanatory. Someone needs to be there to write the manuals for these products, and that person could be you.

25.Inventor

The best part about emerging technology is that it never goes out of style. Whether your interest is chemistry, biology, physics, or engineering, scientists of all disciplines are always needed to think, hypothesize, develop, and create. They are needed by private corporations and government agencies alike, to build better weapons for the army and better toys for the holiday store shelves. Inventors are necessary to progress, and will be needed for as long as progress of civilization is an option.

ENVIRONMENTALISM

26.Organic Food Producer

While it's always been popular with the eco-conscious, now organic food is more popular than ever before. Taking up nearly 10% of the food and beverage market, a tenfold increase from a decade prior, so many people are clamoring for the "organic" label that it's on the verge of going mainstream. When the scales do finally tip in organic food's favor (an event that no doubt will be happening some time in the next ten years), more farmers, producers, and scientists will be needed than ever before to improve organic farming techniques and just simply grow the food that the population is demanding.

27.Sustainability Officer

Sustainability has become a real concern among businesses, but it can be hard for busy execs to find the time to learn all the ropes. Instead, many companies have started hiring on eco-savvy individuals as "sustainability officers." It's a new title, and it entails finding, researching, and implementing eco-friendly policies that are of the most benefit to the company at hand. Green Tech Media describes it as a little like IT Techs in the 1980s, helping older businessmen navigate a strange new world - once technology, now sustainability.

28.Waste Management Consultant

Waste is a problem on our planet, and someone has to deal with the overflowing landfills. Consultants will be needed, with backgrounds in biology and chemistry, to bring new ideas to the table on how to break down and eliminate the tons of refuse currently clogging waterways and stretches of land. In addition, scientists are needed more than ever to come up with improved ways of dealing with e-waste, which is becoming a bigger problem with every passing year.

29.Food Scientist

What's in your dinner? In the near future, that answer may get a lot more technical. Food science is huge: in genetics, vegetables are being modified for more pest-resistant corn and frost-resistant tomatoes spliced with fish genes. In agriculture, farmers are looking for better ways to grow food more organically on a local scale. Meanwhile, in chemistry, scientists are trying to build more effective supplements to make us stronger and healthier on less. No matter what your scientific interest, there's a way to incorporate our most important fuel of the day.

30.LEED Certified Architect

These days, even constructing houses is a delicate science. People tend to want the best for their new homes, and increasingly this means paying special attention to environmental awareness concerns. For new up-and-coming architects, the smartest career move available is to invest time and study into LEED certification, giving you the training to draft buildings that are ecologically state-of-the-art. Your clients will thank you, and the Earth will thank you more.

31.Renewable Energy Technician

Many electricians these days are still working within the same tired old paradigm of energy resources - but we're approaching a new age of energy, and the industry will soon require a heavy influx of fresh new faces that reflect that. In the past, industry standards dictated your career to consist mostly of repairing your standard air conditioners, radiators, and electric lines. Soon, however, these tasks will be upgraded to installing and troubleshooting solar panels and integrated home climate control centers as everyday consumers continue to embrace a new world of energy in all its sources.

32.Hydrologist

Water is one of our most vital resources, and hydrologists study both the form and function of water: its distribution, its physical properties, and patterns of circulation and rainfall. In recent years though, both private and government sectors are recruiting the talents of hydrologists for other purposes, namely conservation. With their reservoir of knowledge, hydrologists can help to predict drought zones, analyze quality of newly discovered water sources, and judge how safe construction projects are for surrounding bodies of water - all functions that make the skills of a well-trained hydrologist as desirable as water itself.

33.Sustainable Urban Planner

Individually, engineers and architects are all working on building cleaner and greener homes, offices, and vehicles. What about someone, however, who ties all of those individual pockets together into a cohesive city structure? Sustainable urban planners work hard to solve current spatial problems like urban sprawl and excess pollution with innovative ideas, or even build separate communities known as "eco-villages." Who will construct the best solution since vertical farming? It could be you.

34.Geophysicist

The work of a geophysicist is in the study of the earth. Earthquakes, atmosphere, the shifting of the continents - these are all within a geophysicist's realm of study. While some find work as professors, most are employed elsewhere. Some geophysicists work for government agencies, working with architects and predicting earthquake zones. Others work for mining, oil, and gas companies, charting magnetic forces and the probability of natural resources from location to location, making them a powerful asset in the corporate world.

35.Ecotourism Travel Guide

Preferred modes of vacation vary from person to person, and there is a new trend emerging in the travel world: ecotourism. Defined by the International Ecotourism Society as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people," the main emphasis is on building awareness, fostering cultural sensitivity, and minimizing impact on the destinations visited. Thus far ecotourism has collected a niche following, but with our country's recent enthusiasm over going green, it's an industry poised for mainstream popularity.

36.Wind Turbine Technician

If solar power is the weathered veteran of the alternative energy trade, then wind turbines are the bright young upstart. As natural as the sun and just as plentiful, wind power is being hailed as one of the best new energy forms. At the moment, production is rocky due to the economy, but once funding picks up in the near future, wind is predicted to be one of the fastest growing industries in the green energy sector.

DIGITAL

37.Cyber Security Specialist

Back in the 1990s, hackers were demonized as the reckless pirate scourge of the internet. Who would have thought that, a short time later, their dexterous computer skills could be put to good use? Cyber security is a swiftly growing industry, and few reveal site weaknesses and better than those who know a thing or two about exploiting them. Interested in turning your cyber whiz skills into a real profession? With a degree and ambition, it's possible.

38.Media Search Consultant

The internet is major in business these days, and being seen is everything. Nothing says "you've made it!" like showing up on the first page of a Google search, and media search consultants can make that happen. Armed with search engine knowledge, a good media search consultant finds clever keywords and the right ways to drive up traffic and take your website to the top (of search engine ranking)!

39.Data Technologist

Every year we are finding new ways to exchange and process data. We are conducting more business from the screen of a mobile phone than we ever could have thought possible ten years ago. It's all thanks to data technologists, who are constantly designing and developing new technology from ever smaller processing chips to innovative operating systems to finding the next big thing. If we're conducting business from the display of a cell phone today, who knows where we'll be in another ten years?

40.Interface Designer

Pretty soon your PC won't be the only interactive digital element of your home. It's probably already started with your television, but more scientists are needed to work on ways to streamline the home experience. From integrated entertainment elements to simpler multifunction pads to adjust climate control devices, part of the challenge is to devise ways to make new interface elements attractive and user-friendly.

41.Distance Education Consultant

The future of college is online. There has been a boom in the distance learning sector over the past few years, as people struggle to balance getting a college education with holding down a day job to support themselves or a family in this economy. It's a fairly new teaching model, however, and improvements are needed. In turn, more distance education consultants will be needed to develop new techniques and use innovation to solve any and all current problems within the structure of distance learning.

42.Site Acceleration Engineer

The internet is faster than it's ever been before but that doesn't mean it can't be faster still. The more people get online and the more data is transferred on a daily basis, the more innovation is needed to transfer that data faster and more efficiently. Computer science majors with an interest in the inner workings of the World Wide Web could find a rewarding career advancing the technology of the hypertext transfer protocol.

43.Computer Forensics Analyst

Crime takes many forms, and evidence is left everywhere if you know where to look. Sometimes evidence is locked away within computers, and that's when computer forensics analysts are called in. In our generation and those to follow, computers and other data devices are found in nearly every household, making computer forensics a hot career commodity. With a solid education in computer science and a clever analytic mind, you can spearhead the next trend in CSI.

44.Quality Assurance Engineer

As new technology evolves, someone has to be on the frontline to observe, test, and suggest corrections for every prototype that emerges. These brave soldiers are known as QA Engineers, and the need for more sharp, analytical, computer-savvy minds will be huge as digital applications, devices, and components continue to stock our shelves at an exponential rate.

45.Cloud Computing Engineer

Look up "cloud computing" on Wikipedia and, faced with a 20 page thesis comprehensible only to comp-sci graduate students, you may assume it has nothing to do with you. Quite the contrary. Facebook, Wordpress, Flickr, Gmail: wherever you can store data and access it from any internet port, cloud computing is to be thanked. Savvy engineers are needed to brainstorm ways to streamline processes, cut costs, and enhance usability.

46.Internet Crack Team Volunteer

The internet is near limitless, but it is also fragile. Its integrity rests on the back of an elite group of programmers with the skills and the know-how to find errors, navigate the tenuous web of the internet, and restore service to damaged sectors. So far this job is selfless and volunteer only, but as the world becomes more dependent on internet service, it stands to reason that a few will find careers for themselves by doing what they've so thus far done for free.

47.Integrated Digital Media Specialist

Once, media outlets mostly worked independently: newspapers, film reels, glossy magazines were all completely separate entities. Thanks to the advent of the internet, however, media forms are starting to conglomerate. The journalist of the future must know how to harness the power of multimedia, working with photography, video, sound and written word to create a well-rounded picture of events that will stimulate the average media-saturated mind.

48.Casual Game Developer

PC and console video games have always been a mainstay of the gaming industry, but that industry is changing. With the advent of the internet and mobile applications, casual games have captured the hearts of people who might not otherwise be into gaming but appreciate those mini-distractions throughout the day. Advertisers have taken notice as well - high click rates for game-associated ads have made casual web-based gaming a rewarding pursuit for developers on various levels.

49.Mobile Application Developer

Progress in mobile technology has been swift and immense - it wasn't so long ago that cell phones resembled bricks and car phones were a sign of wealth. Now, mobile phone use has spread throughout the ranks and technology has seriously blurred the line between phone, PDA, and personal computer. The mobile media industry is continuing to rise in revenue, and as technology continues to become more sophisticated, more developers will be needed to ensure its upward climb.

...AND BEYOND!

50.Intelligence Analyst

The world can be a scary place, but intelligence analysts help the general public to sleep a little more soundly at night. Usually working for the military - but sometimes for private interests - intelligence analysts examine information compiled from different intelligence operatives (think James Bond types), make sense of that information, and plot the next move of terrorists and villains before they make them. In the world's political climate, intelligence analysts are always in need to save the day one encrypted file at a time.

51.Corrections Officer

Unfortunately, as the earth's population continues to multiply, one of the side effects is that the prison systems start to overfill. In addition, new "tough on crime" legislations are demanding longer prison sentences and tighter control on inmates. Thanks to these circumstances, The Bureau of Labor Services is projecting growth for corrections officers in the near future, in both the public and private sectors.

52.Sarbanes-Oxley Specialist

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was introduced in 2002, to better regulate financial practices within the corporate sector. Observance of the act is not a choice: all businesses, no matter how large or small, are required to comply. It isn't always simple, however, which is why many companies are hiring Sarbanes-Oxley specialists to work with their auditors to design business plans that both benefit the company and fall within the walls of compliance with the act. A fairly new profession, it seems poised to become a booming career choice for anyone with a mind for business and accounting.

53.Tax Examiner

Nothing can be said to be certain in life, except for death and taxes. Tax examiners have been around since practically the dawn of civilization, but as long as people are doing their taxes, tax examiners will be needed to check over those taxes and make sure that every credit, exemption, and addition is perfectly kosher.

54.Regulatory Compliance Officer

Are you a stickler for regulations? If you're interested in a career as a regulatory compliance officer, it could really get you somewhere. Regulatory compliance officers work with corporate and administrative staff, ensuring that procedures at companies fall within acceptable boundaries for federal and state regulations. Just like tax officers, as long as we have a functioning government there will always be a need for compliance officers to keep things in order.

55.Small Business Owner

This one is really quite simple: there has never been a better time than right now to be a small business owner. Thanks to the internet, it's easy to get your products to the public without a third party or the massive pull of corporate backing. If you have the ideas and the gumption (and a business degree for the know-how can't hurt), then you have a mighty good chance of making your business plan work.

56.Welding Technologist

In a future world full of technology and cold metal science, few skilled tradesmen will be in higher demand than welders. Whether fitting together pieces for a factory machine, or repairing vital oil pipelines under the ocean, corporations need welders now and will only need them more in the future. In case the job security doesn't sound convincing enough, according to Popular Mechanics most welders leave trade school making $17-20 per hour.

57.Employment Recruiter

Quite simply, a growing population demands a growing number of jobs, and the job-hunting climate in our country isn't always the kindest. Regardless of our economy's fluctuations, ever larger masses of people will be flocking to employment agencies to help them find suitable careers in a time when "suitable careers" are far from a free-flowing commodity.

58.Financial Engineer

Entrenched in both finance and technology, the financial engineer is a unique animal. Financial engineers are well-versed in finance and mathematics, money and technology, and the relationships between them. Unlike risk-taking stock market cowboys, financial engineers

59.Quantitative Finance Analyst

Also known affectionately as "quants," quantitative finance analysts are the numerical wizards of the finance world. Rather than gamble stocks and bonds based on trends and feelings, quants employ mathematical concepts, patterns, and even calculus to better understand investments and offer quality solutions for investors. If this line of work interests you, rethink that economics major: most quants hold degrees in physics and mathematics.

60.Virtual Services Worker

The internet has changed everything, from the way we communicate to the way we handle daily transactions. Role playing wonderlands like Second Life may have started out purely recreational, but forward thinking captains of industry have established nightclubs, shops, and even online colleges within its cyber-walls. Of course, someone has to keep those establishments running. As more people venture into virtual reality otherworlds, more people will be needed to conduct sales and offer a friendly personal voice, without ever leaving home.
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Wednesday, October 15, 2014

cloud computing-article

                          


 Abstract

 What is the Internet? It is collection of “interconnected networks” represented as a Cloud in network diagrams and Cloud Computing is a metaphor for certain parts of the Internet. The IT enterprises and individuals are searching for a way to reduce the cost of computation, storage and communication. Cloud Computing is an Internet-based technology providing “On-Demand” solutions for addressing these scenarios that should be flexible enough for adaptation and responsive to requirements. The huge amount of information that resides in the Cloud for servicing various enterprises and for making enterprises secure sensitive data should reside in corporate data centers whereas the rest can reside in public data centers. The Cloud manages upgrades and provides information backup in the event of a disaster and/or a system crash. The capital and operational costs of running data centers are reduced by Cloud Computing making IT enterprises focus on strategic projects. In this paper, Cloud Computing is discussed and the various aspects of Cloud Computing outlined such as advantages, limitations, problems and solutions, applications with E-governance, emerging and future trends.

Introduction

 The next stage in the evolution of the Internet is Cloud Computing but definitely not synonyms with the Internet. A Cloud within Cloud Computing offers a way via which anything from computing taxes to computing infrastructure, business applications processes to personal joint working which is delivered wherever and whenever client needs [1]. Cloud Computing allows the client to access applications residing at location other than client’s computer or other Internet connected devices. The essence of Cloud Computing is that the service provider hosts the application that means they will manage software updates, handle costs of servers or development depending on how much the client pays.  

Defining the Cloud

 A set of hardware, networks, storage, services, and interfaces which enable the on time delivery of demanded services is a Cloud [1,2]. Over the Internet delivery of software, storage, security [3] is done by the Cloud services as per user demand. The participants participating in the Cloud’s world are:
• End user who doesn’t have any or very little knowledge about the technology in use. The end user can be customer or client. For small businesses, the data center is the Cloud provider and for larger organizations the IT enterprises manage the inner procedure of the internal and external Cloud resources.
• Business management has a duty for data or services governance in the Cloud.
• Cloud service provider has a duty to maintain the IT assets.
Evolution of Cloud Computing is on the way and completely able to change the way IT enterprises use technology to provide service to customers, clients. IT enterprises feel that the Cloud model provides an efficient, cost effective IT service delivery.
Cloud Computing is broken down into 3 different categories:
1. Public Cloud
2. Private Cloud
3. Hybrid Cloud (combine both public and private Clouds).
The Public Cloud (external Cloud) computing resources are on-demand purveyed over the Internet via Web applications or Web browsers from an off-site third-party service provider. The Private Cloud (internal Cloud) is Cloud Computing over private networks made exclusively for one client giving full control of data, security and service quality and they can be built and managed by a company’s own organization or by a Cloud service provider.
The Hybrid Cloud Computing blends various public and private Clouds and introduces complexity of distribution of application across both a public and private Cloud.  

Cloud’s service model 

The Cloud services are categorized into 3 models [4]. For example, the SaaS service provider might decide to offer separate platform services to clients. The purpose of grouping these services into 3 models is to aid in understanding the service beneath the Cloud. All these service delivery models require management and administration (including security) [5].  

Realizing infrastructure as a service

 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the hardware delivery (such as servers, networking technology, storage, and data center space) as a service by Cloud Computing e.g. operating systems and virtualization technology manages the resources and then installing of resources in their own data center which are paid services as per usage. For example, Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) provides a web interface which allows clients to access virtual devices, resources under paid user control. Amazon’s EC2 is significant.  

Searching platform as a service

 In Platform as a Service (PaaS), the provider delivers more than infrastructure. It delivers an integrated set of software that delivers everything a developer might need to build an application and can be viewed as an evolution of Web hosting. The PaaS provides a standard platform for operating system based provisioning, database related services, query processing. In PaaS, backup services are kept on high node for disaster recovery management. That means to develop the software a client needs, developers must focus on designing the application instead of server’s compatibility, storage, and networking. These entire infrastructures will be provided by PaaS.  

Considering software as a service 

The Software as a Service (SaaS) - provider hosts business applications and delivered them as a service. The cost of the software is as per-user basis. The business gets the immediate benefit of reducing capital expenditures. The business gains the flexibility to test new software on a rental basis and then can continue to use and adopt the software, if it proves suitable.  

Cloud components [5] 

Cloud Computing is derived from several elements for providing solutions. These are:

Clients

• These are computers, mobile phones, and laptops etc. that manage the information of end users on the Cloud. The client can be a thin or thick client. Thin clients are devices (computers) that do not have internal devices whereas thick clients are devices such as regular computers that use Web browsers for getting connected with the Cloud.

Data centers

• These are a collection of servers; it could be large room of your building full of servers on the other side of world that get accessed via Internet.
Distributed servers
• The servers providing services are geographically apart, but for the client devices servers would appear to be working from the same location.

Infrastructure

• The infrastructure relies on the application and how the service provider choses to build the solution over the Cloud.

Applications

• The components that the end user wants to run/deploy. The major benefit of Cloud Computing is that client need not install, maintain or support the application. The Cloud does it. Platform
• The name is derived from PaaS (Platform as a service) where the Cloud platform allows users (business clients, developers, clients) to deploy their applications over the Cloud platform e.g.: Force.com, Salesforce.com’s proprietary PaaS service, the Google App Engine which runs off Python and the Web hosting service Mosso.
Storage
• The physical storage is expensive and IT enterprises spend billions in storage. The Cloud services have given storage “wings”. The Cloud is expanding, hence accumulating more information in it and companies can concentrate on business strategies.

Processing power

• The Cloud companies are ready to expand their infrastructure, so when the customer is in need of more processing power, that should be available. The companies need not to worry about infrastructure (purchasing/costs) and also need not be concerned about power; if it is being used or if the server has gone down.  

Cloud characteristics 

The Cloud embodies the following basic characteristics [1,4,6]:

Elasticity and scalability It is hard to anticipate how a customer will use a service. It depends on whether the customer will use it 3 times a year or use the application all the time. However, services should be available all the time 24*7, and be designed to provide high scale service during peak times and also during lighter zones. It should be scalable when additional users are added or when requirements change and ability to scale is achieved by providing elasticity.

Self-service provisioning

 It is easy for customers to avail themselves of Cloud services; the customer simply has to request the type of service he requires. The request can be computing, storage, software process or some other resources from the service provider.

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

 Standardized APIs are needed for Cloud services. The instruction regarding communication between 2 applications or data sources is provided by these interfaces. An easily link for the customer with a Cloud service is done by a standardized interface such that customized programming is not needed, for example a customer relationship management system with a financial management system.

 Billing and metering of services

 A built-in service is needed to bill customers in the Cloud environment and usage has to be metered (tracked), to calculate that bill. The free Cloud services Google’s Gmail or Zoho’s Internet-based office applications are tracked.

Performance monitoring and measuring

 A service management environment must be included by the Cloud service provider which is an integrated approach for managing physical environments and IT systems and must be able to maintain the needed service level for organization that is, service management has to be monitored to optimize the services. It has to focus on key issues that are the performance of the system, including security and performance. Many customers use their own monitoring tools for determining whether the service level requirements are being met.

Security

Many customers need to trust that the Cloud services are safe. To give critical data or application infrastructure to a Cloud-based service provider requires an assurance that the information has not been accidentally retrieved by another company (or hacked). The security concept should be dealt with as a serious issue in Cloud Computing as critical data resides over Cloud. The user trust can be built up if strategies regarding network behavior, user behavior, processing behavior are made [7].  

Advantages of Cloud Computing

 Cloud Computing has a number of advantages from a user’s point of view:

1. Lower cost: Being an online service, Cloud Computing provides access to applications using a browser while applications are stored on distributed servers. It is lower cost for the user and owners.

2. Free access: Access of applications from any location makes users independent.

3. More storage area: As Cloud Computing is distributed process, it maintains a storage den. It provides more storage than personal storage.

4. Flexibility: Cloud Computing provides a tension-free environment by upgrading, managing, installing software on its own. It provides a download free zone.

5. Mobility: The user can connect to the Cloud from any location.
6. Ease of sharing: This is key component of Cloud Computing. The information, resources and hardware sharing for instant delivery.

7. Data safety: The files/data are safe unless the hard drive get stolen.

8. Availability: There are several copies which can be owned as per user demand.

9. Copyright convenience: Responsibility for all aspects of licensing, maintenance and authorization.

10. Synchronization: Different experts from different issues, projects and locations.

11. Rapid elasticity: migrating from one platform to another.

12. Location independent resources.
13. On-demand self-sufficient service and ubiquitous network access

Limitations with Clouds

 It is not possible that Cloud Computing is error-free and it may not be the best solution ever needed in computing trends. The limitations of Cloud Computing should be known, so that, they can be removed [3].
1. Security: Major decisions in IT fields are taken on the basis of security risk. Hence, Cloud Computing should be dynamic in providing privacy, data integrity, management and other issues. The Intranet, Extranet, Internet and DMZ boundaries are getting blurred and need security challenges like authentication, Cloud vendor reliability etc.
2. Unstructured programming: In Cloud Computing, each Cloud has its own programming support, data storage interfaces and programming syntax. The standardization of methods and interfaces are needed.
3. Consistency insurance: The data and code, both are replicated over the Cloud and it is very crucial to maintain consistency in data. Most Cloud vendors provide data stores that do not support relational models. Hence, can lead to unneeded joins, bad code and other problems for developers.    

Major problems with Cloud Computing
• There is risk of hacking in Cloud Computing. The risk is not only for stored data but also for mishandling of transmitting data over the Clouds.
• Sharing of documents Could be affected by masquerading i.e. your shared data can be accessed by anyone else.
• Cheap energy needed for data storage centers as each center requires a large amount of energy.
• The real benefit of Cloud dissipates into the ether if geographical and political borders fracture the Cloud into groupings.  

Emerging trends in Cloud Computing [6,9]
• Enterprises are building their own Clouds e.g. IBM “Blue Cloud”, Microsoft “Azure”, Google “GooG”, Salesforce “Successforce”. The data centers in the private Clouds are managed by third parties (Amazon.com) and by IT staff. In a virtual environment these private Clouds are managed centrally.
• Cloud Computing diverts the important points of IT enterprises by taking the burden of technological implementation into its Cloud. This helps enterprises to concentrate on their business process, developing new technologies. This will improve the quality of projects and will save a lot of time.
• The security procedures that physically safeguard data are developing. The thinking of keeping data in one place is not favorable for growing enterprises.
• Cloud Computing is not limited to providing software and hardware help but also consultancy, on-demand services such as Salesforce’s Successforce which helps clients to get Salesforce consultancy or connect them to their partners Accenture, Deloitte, the online tax preparation service which is provided by Tango of HandR Block, and NetSuite which provides on-demand service to clients by collaborating with NetSuite partners.
• The personal computer has become slimmer with fewer or no applications. The only thing needed will be a Web-browser in it for connecting to heavy-lifting Cloud services.
• With huge databases, the Cloud will become a knowledge pool.
• In future, human intelligence will be incorporated into the Cloud and new horizons will open for Artificial Intelligence making Cloud the “IT THING”.
• Green Technology is emerging with the help of Cloud Computing as fewer natural resources will be utilized.
• Cloud economics involves paying only for what you use. Cloud economics 101: matches elastic applications to Cloud platforms and moving transient apps in and out so their costs are constantly returning to zero. Cloud economics 201: designs and optimizes applications to take advantage. Cloud economics 301: knows when and which Cloud to be used for optimum profitability. Earlier efforts of Amazon Web Service’s Spot Instances and Enomaly’s SpotCloud for showing the way and the Cloud Price Calculator for normalize costs.
• Autodesk’s Project Cumulus and the ISVs queuing up behind GreenButton are showing the way as both these companies know how to put a Cloud behind applications and in so doing deliver game-changing productivity. Such moves leverage Cloud economics and may disrupt supercomputing.
• Cloud Computing not only will help enterprises gain insight from information. It will help to derive revenue from it too. Services like: Windows Azure DataMarket will help enterprises leverage data sources more easily and become one of those providers themselves. The Associated Press, Dun & Bradstreet and ESRI are appropriate models.
• Cloud security will be proven not only by the providers alone, as it is shared effort, hence, security will be addressed by both client and provider.
• The Berlin-based company Zimory’s open-technology can get connected with large number of Clouds and thousands of machines can be scaled-up [9].
• In the field of Cloud Computing, Abiquo [9] with promising startup boasts including hyper-peak support portfolio with leading vendors such as Microsoft, Citrix, VMware and Zend, the firm bids a permission-based hierarchy that enables enterprises to forge public, private or hybrid Clouds sweeping data centers on- and off-premises. It provides a support system to remove the vendor lock-in problem.
• The recent entrant in the market of Cloud NephoScale [9] is a public Cloud infrastructure platform offering pay-by-the-hour servers, object-based storage, and dedicated on-demand servers.  

E-governance and Cloud Computing [10,11]

 The technology using the Internet, remote servers for maintaining applications and data is Cloud Computing. It allows the process of business applications from remote places. It helps in storing personal files, accessing them and managing them e.g. Yahoo mail, Gmail. Only an Internet connection is needed. Companies and the Indian Government are most affected by Cloud Computing. Hence, Cloud technology can be utilized for providing doorstep services for the common man with the help of E-governance. E-governance applications include Indian Railway, Indian Bank services and ATMs. The E-governance deals with citizens/public in two ways: Internet economy and Interaction. The Internet economy deals with taxes, addition of revenues, space utilization and interaction deals with G2G, G2B B2B etc.
• SaaS can be used for E-governance (G2B, G2G, G2E, G2C) and provide applications such as Job-Portal, Service-help desk, Municipal management systems, E-court, E-police, District management systems.
• PaaS database, backup services can be provided efficiently and provide dynamic OS, query service, workflow service for providing database services, backup services, and efficient management for disaster recovery.
• IaaS can allow various clients to utilize storage, hardware utility and the network. The application designers can focus on features and utility of application instead of worrying about scalability.

Cloud Computing dimensions for E-governance include:

1. Vertical Dimension: healthcare, land records, passport database and other services provided by the government to the citizen of the country.
2. Horizontal Dimension: public access and participation, policy publications, public grievance and procedures. E-governance challenges can be overcome with Cloud Computing as it allows for sharing of large resources and making strategies. Cloud Computing can help in monitoring or analyzing large amounts of data detection and fraud. By keeping services of the provider accountable we can control corruption. The processes of E-governance such as application migration of any citizen, recovering lost data, taking back ups, minimizing pollution etc. can be improved. Moreover, with the help of Cloud Computing lots of resources can be saved such as air-conditioners power, electricity, paper resources that make it Green Technology.
Some of the E-governance challenges and benefits of Cloud Computing [12]:
1. Scaling of data: to manage the large amount of data of E-governance, databases should be scalable. The Cloud databases should be considered as On-high demand, high-end scalability.
2. Audit and log: it deals with content traceability. With this service, corruption in government can be controlled, as a process audit and security audit can be done periodically. Clouds can help in analyzing huge amount of data and fraud detection.
3. New instances, duplication and migration: the architecture of Cloud Computing provides excellent features for creation of an instance of any application that reduces the deploy time of a new application.
4. Disaster recovery: avoid data loss and make services available “round the clock”. Cloud virtualization technology provides backup and restoring facilities besides this it offers seamless migration from one platform to another as compared to other data centers.
5. Better governance: for better governance data center usage, peak loads, consumption levels, power usage along with time are major factors needed to be monitored for good resource utilization. Cloud offers Business Intelligence infrastructure that seamlessly integrates with different frameworks like MAPREDUCE (Apache Hadcoop).
6. Policy management: dealing with different citizens, understanding their needs along with infrastructure and data center, policies need to be imposed in day to day processes. Cloud Computing helps in policy implementation in data center with respect to security, application deployment etc.
7. New migration: co-existing with new versions or co-locating with them.
8. System integration: Cloud architecture is built on the SOA feature that provides an on-demand user service.   

Conclusions and future scope

 Cloud Computing provides attractive capabilities, environments, and operating systems solutions. This paper discusses the concept of Cloud Computing in detail and provides information of trends, areas to be answered, categories of Cloud, and models for Cloud Computing (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS). Cloud Computing needs to be applied fully for the benefit of every citizen in day to day life. Cloud Computing is becoming a synonym for Green computing as it reduces paper work and power consumption. Cloud Computing has become a non-restrictive platform for many applications. But there are many issues that need to be addressed but this is still set to revolutionize the way we use the Internet.
This paper tries to conclude Cloud Computing on the basis of its theory (broadly). In the future, the practical view of Cloud Computing will be studied and researched. The practical view will have case studies of some leading companies in this field such as Microsoft, Amazon to get insight into the Cloud Computing world.  

Wednesday, August 27, 2014

vinayaka chathurthi-history


                                                                                                                                                        Ganesh Chaturthi is celebrated by Hindus all over India, as the birthday of the god of wisdom, knowledge and prosperity, Lord Ganesha. The celebrations continue from five to ten days, depending upon family traditions. It is believed that praying to Lord Ganesha leads to fulfilment of wishes and desires. His blessing removes all the obstacles from life. Although it is not known when this festival was first celebrated, but it is alleged to have been celebrated in Pune initially. Celebrations were started during the reign of Chhatrapati Shivaji to promote nationalism and give a feeling of unity. Ganapati is the son of Shiva and Parvati; various fables are attached to his birth. This elephant-headed god with Mooshak (rat) as his vehicle was created by Goddess Parvati from the sandalwood dough. It was she who infused life in Ganesha and asked him to guard at the door while she was in her bath. When Lord Shiva returned and was stopped by this unknown child Ganesha, Shiva in rage cut off the head of that child. As soon as Parvati got to know about the severing of head of her son, she asked Shiva to bring him to life again. Shiva then implanted the head of an elephant on Ganesha's body. This re-birth of Ganesha is celebrated as Ganesh Chaturthi, also known as 'Vinayaka Chaturthi' or 'Vinayaka Chavithi'.

History
Ganesh Chaturthi is said to have been celebrated since the days of Maratha rulers: Satavahana, Chalukya and Rashtrakuta. Mainly celebrated in the states of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh with a lot of zeal and splendour, Ganesh Chaturthi is the most popular festival of Maharashtra. Ganesh Chaturthi was started by Chhatrapati Shivaji as a public event to promote traditions and nationalism, this festival was even celebrated by Peshwas to worship Ganapati as their family deity. The festivities remained a family affair until the festival was revitalised by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in the late 19th Century, to take the message of freedom struggle to all Indians. This festival brought in a feeling of unity and togetherness in Indians that helped in revival of their patriotic spirit. Through the medium of this festival he brought together all the classes of societies against British by getting rid of the caste differences. He stressed on it that Ganesh Chaturthi was a festival for everyone irrespective of the caste or class, and so he organised cultural events like dance dramas, musical nights, and religious gatherings on this festival. That was the time when social and political gatherings weren't allowed by the British. Festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi that continued for ten days gave people of every religion the scope to interact and know each other. It is from that time this festival has been celebrated every year with great fervour all over the country.